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EMEDICINE - ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID : ARTICLE BY RANDALL KING, MD
Arthritis, Rheumatoid - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of undetermined etiology involving primarily the synovial membranes and articular structures of multiple joints. The disease is often progressive and results in pain, stiffness, and swelling of joints. In late stages deformity and ankylosis ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - COSTOCHONDRITIS : ARTICLE BY LYNN K FLOWERS, MD
Costochondritis - In contrast to myocardial ischemia or infarction, costochondritis is a benign cause of chest pain and is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis. Although the term costochondritis often is used interchangeably with fibrositis and Tietze syndrome, these are distinct ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - GOUT AND PSEUDOGOUT : ARTICLE BY JOSEPH KAPLAN, MD FACEP
Gout and Pseudogout - Gout and pseudogout are the 2 most common crystal-induced arthropathies. They are debilitating illnesses in which pain and joint inflammation are caused by the formation of crystals within the joint space.Gout is inflammation caused by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals.Pseudogout is inflammation caused by calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals and is sometimes referred to as calcium pyrophosphate disease (CPPD).Gout is the most common crystal-induced arthritis. Lowenhook first described symptoms in the 1600s. In 1848, Sir ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA : ARTICLE BY GEOFREY NOCHIMSON, MD
Polymyalgia Rheumatica - Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe aching and stiffness in the neck, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle. It is classified as a rheumatic disease, although the etiology is ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - REITER SYNDROME : ARTICLE BY THOMAS SCOGGINS, MD
Reiter Syndrome - In 1916, Hans Reiter described the classic triad of arthritis, nongonococcal urethritis, and conjunctivitis (Reiter syndrome).More recently, Reiter syndrome also has been defined as a peripheral arthritis lasting longer than 1 month, associated with urethritis, cervicitis, or diarrhea.The arthritis associated with Reiter syndrome is a reactive arthritis. Reactive arthritis refers to acute nonpurulent arthritis complicating an infection elsewhere in the body.Reiter syndrome falls under the rheumatic disease category of seronegative spondyloarthropathies, which includes ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - RHEUMATIC FEVER : ARTICLE BY STEVEN PARRILLO, DO, FACOEP, FACEP
Rheumatic Fever - Rheumatic fever causes chronic progressive damage to the heart and its valves. Until 1960, it was a leading cause of death in children and a common cause of structural heart disease. The disease has been known for many centuries. Baillou (1538-1616) first distinguished acute arthritis from gout. Sydenham (1624-1668) described chorea but did not associate it with acute rheumatic fever (ARF). In 1812, Charles Wells associated rheumatism with carditis and provided the first description ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - SARCOIDOSIS : ARTICLE BY RAMY YAKOBI, MD, MBA
Sarcoidosis - Since 1865-75, when Sir Jonathan Hutchinson first described the disease that today is believed to be sarcoidosis, attempts to determine its primary etiology have failed. Sarcoidosis is a chronic noncaseating granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that affects many organs and tissues, most commonly the lungs.While sarcoidosis may be suspected by a patient's history, it usually is diagnosed by chest x-ray and histology. Emergency medicine physicians may diagnose this disease de novo or treat its exacerbations, recurrences, ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - SCLERITIS : ARTICLE BY JONATHAN ADLER, MD
Scleritis - Scleritis may cause inflammation of the anterior and/or posterior segments of the eye and manifests as severe eye pain. There are 4 types of anterior scleritis. Diffuse anterior scleritis is characterized by widespread inflammation of the anterior portion of the sclera. This is the most common form of anterior scleritis, as well as the most benign. Erythematous, immovable, and tender, inflamed nodules on the anterior sclera characterize nodular anterior scleritis. Approximately 20% of ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - SJOGREN SYNDROME : ARTICLE BY DARREN PHELAN, MD
Sjogren Syndrome - Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by xerostomia (dry mouth), xerophthalmia (dry eyes), and lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. This triad also is known as the sicca complex.Sjögren syndrome displays a wide spectrum of severity and can go undiagnosed for several months to years. The Swedish physician Henrik Sjögren first described the syndrome in ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

EMEDICINE - SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS : ARTICLE BY DAVID W LAMONT, DO
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organ systems that is defined clinically and associated with antibodies directed against cell nuclei. Its multisystem manifestations and attendant complications from use of immunosuppressive agents make the diagnosis and management of this entity ...
Catégorie: Rhumatologie, Pathologies
Langue: Anglais

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